Analysis of Feathers, a Short Story by Raymond Carver

American poet and author Raymond Carver (1938 — 1988) is one of those rare writers who is known, like  Alice Munro, primarily for his work in the short story form. Due to his economical use of language, Carver is often associated with a literary movement known as minimalism, but he himself objected to the term. In a 1983 interview, he said, Theres something about minimalist that smacks of smallness of vision and execution that I dont like. Feathers is the opening story of Carvers 1983 collection, Cathedral, in which he began to move away from the minimalist style. Plot of Feathers SPOILER ALERT: If you dont want to know what happens in the story, dont read this section. The narrator, Jack, and his wife, Fran, are invited to dinner at the home of Bud and Olla. Bud and Jack are friends from work, but no one else in the story has met before. Fran is not enthusiastic about going.   Bud and Olla live in the country and have a baby and a pet peacock. Jack, Fran, and Bud watch television while Olla prepares dinner and occasionally tends to the baby, who is fussing in another room. Fran notices a plaster cast of very crooked teeth sitting on top of the television. When Olla enters the room, she explains that Bud paid for her to have braces, so she keeps the cast to remind me how much I owe Bud. During dinner, the baby begins fussing again, so Olla brings him to the table. He is shockingly  ugly, but  Fran holds him  and delights in him in spite of his appearance. The peacock is permitted inside the house and plays gently with the baby. Later that night, Jack and Fran conceive a child even though they had not previously wanted children. As the years pass, their marriage sours and their child demonstrates a conniving streak. Fran blames their problems on Bud and Olla even though she saw them only on that one night. Wishes Wishes play a prominent role in the story. Jack explains that he and Fran regularly wished out loud for things we didnt have, like a new car or the chance to spend a couple of weeks in Canada. They dont wish for children because they dont want children. It is clear that the wishes arent serious. Jack acknowledges as much when he describes approaching Bud and Ollas house: I said, I wish we had us a place out here. It was just an idle thought, another wish that wouldnt amount to anything. In contrast, Olla is a character who has actually made her wishes come true. Or rather, she and Bud together have made her wishes come true. She tells Jack and Fran: I always dreamed of having me a peacock. Since I was a girl and found a picture of one in a magazine. The peacock is loud and exotic. Neither Jack nor Fran has ever seen one before, and it is much more dramatic than any of the idle wishes theyve been making. Yet Olla, an unassuming woman with an ugly baby and teeth that needed straightening, has made it a part of her life. Blame Though Jack would place the date later, Fran believes their marriage began to deteriorate precisely on the night they had dinner at Bud and Ollas, and she blames Bud and Olla for it. Jack explains: Goddamn those people and their ugly baby, Fran will say, for no apparent reason, while were watching TV late at night. Carver never makes it clear exactly what Fran blames them for, nor does he make it clear exactly why the dinner gathering inspires Jack and Fran to have a baby. Perhaps its because Bud and Olla seem so happy with their strange, squawking-peacock, ugly-baby lives. Fran and Jack dont think they want the particulars — a child, a house in the country, and certainly not a peacock — yet perhaps they find they do want the contentedness that Bud and Olla seem to have. And in some ways, Olla does give the impression that her happiness is a direct result of the particulars of her situation. Olla compliments Fran on her naturally straight teeth while she herself had required braces — and Buds devotion — to fix her crooked smile. At one point, Olla says, You wait until you get our own baby, Fran. Youll see. And as Fran and Jack are leaving, Olla even hands Fran some peacock feathers to take home. Gratitude But  Fran seems to be missing one fundamental element that Olla has: gratitude. When Olla explains how grateful she is to Bud for straightening her teeth (and, more generally, giving her a better life), Fran doesnt hear her because she is picking through the can of nuts, helping herself to the cashews. The impression is that Fran is self-centered, so focused on her own needs that she cant even hear someone elses expression of gratitude. Similarly, it seems symbolic that when Bud says grace, Olla is the only one who says amen. Where Happiness Comes From Jack does note one wish that came true: What I wished for was that Id never forget or otherwise let go of that evening. Thats one wish of mine that came true. And it was bad luck for me that it did. The evening seemed very special to him, and it left him feeling good about almost everything in my life. But he and Fran may have miscalculated where that good feeling was coming from, thinking it came from having things, like a baby, rather than feeling things, like love and appreciation.

Panera Bread Is Implementing A Broad Differentiation Strategy

IDENTIFICATION: Currently Panera Bread is implementing a broad differentiation strategy. Panera’s target market focuses on urban workers and suburban dwellers. Panera’s core concept is to create a unique cafà © experience, while providing high quality fresh baked goods. Panera’s long term strategy includes increasing it’s brand awareness, and to become the leader in the specialty bakery-cafà © segment. In order to achieve this goal, Panera plans to expand its locations, boost earnings per share 15%-20% annually, and increase sales 4%-5% at existing locations. While Panera has established it’s short and long-term goals, they still have a few challenges currently hindering them. The key issues that will be addressed in this paper are as follows. †¢ Increase sales of Panera bakery cafà ©s to rival established franchised cafà ©s, and sustain their current sales growth rate †¢ What can Panera do to attach consumers during dinner time hours? 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Three African Novels free essay sample

An examination of three books by contemporary African writers. This paper introduces and discusses the books, So Long a Letter by Mariama Ba, Devil on the Cross by Ngg wa Thiongo and Julys People by Nadine Gordimer. Specifically, the author discusses and explains gender and family in So Long a Letter, the aspects of Colonialism and Imperialism in Devil on the Cross, and cultural freedom and integrity in Julys People. In So Long a Letter, Mariama Ba writes of Ramatoulaye, a Senegalese schoolteacher in her 50s, whose husband decides to take a second wife without Ramatoulayes knowledge. Of course, the new wife is younger and prettier than Ramatoulaye, and her husbands selfish move devastates her. The book is written in the form of a touching and emotional letter to her best friend from childhood, someone she feels she can trust. We walked the same paths from adolescence to maturity, where the past begets the present (Ba 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Three African Novels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Internet Essay Example For Students

The Internet Essay The Internet: its effects and its futurewritten by Eva KotsiInternet, its effects in our lives and the future of the Internet:The Internet is, quite literally, a network of networks. It is comprised often thousands of interconnected networks spanning the globe. The computers thatform the Internet range from huge mainframes in research establishments tomodest PCs in peoples homes and offices. Despite the recent hype, the Internetis not a new phenomenon. Its roots lie in a collection of computers that werelinked together in the 1970s to form the US Department of Defensescommunications systems. Fearing the consequences of nuclear attack, there was nocentral computer holding vast amounts of data, rather the information wasdispersed across thousands of machines. A set of rules, of protocols, known asTCP/IP was developed to allow disparate devices to work together. The originalnetwork has long since been upgraded and expanded and TCP/IP is now a defacto standard. We will write a custom essay on The Internet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Millions of people worldwide are using the Internet to share information,make new associations and communicate. Individuals and businesses, from studentsand journalists, to consultants, programmers and corporate giants are allharnessing the power of the Internet. For many businesses the Internet isbecoming integral to their operations. Imagine the ability to send and receivedata: messages, notes, letters, documents, pictures, video, sound- just aboutany form of communication, as effortlessly as making a phone call. It is easy tounderstand why the Internet is rapidly becoming the corporate communicationsmedium. Using the mouse on your computer, the familiar point-and-clickfunctionality gives you access to electronic mail for sending and receivingdata, and file transfer for copying files from one computer to another. Telnetservices allow you to establish connections with systems on the other side ofthe world as if they were just next door. This flood of information is a beautiful thing and it can only open the mindsof society. With the explosion of the World Wide Web, anyone could publish hisor her ideas to the world. Before, in order to be heard one would have to gothrough publishers who were willing to invest in his ideas to get something putinto print. With the advent of the Internet, anyone who has something to say canbe heard by the world. By letting everyone speak their mind, this opens up allnew ways of thinking to anyone who is willing to listen. Moreover, the Internetis an information resource for you to search, gathering new data on key searchaspects of your market. Perhaps most importantly, the Internet offers a new wayof doing business. A virtual market-place where customers can, at the push of abutton, select goods, place an order and pay using a secure electronictransaction. Businesses are discovering the Internet as the most powerful and costeffective tool in history. The Net provides a faster, more efficient way to workcolleagues, customers, vendors and business partners- irrespective of locationor operating system harnessing this powerful resource gives companies strategicadvantages by leveraging information into essential business asset. Thetechnology of the future here today. This is a fact. Businessesmaking the transition will, and are prospering; however those that do not willmost certainly suffer the consequences. One of the most commonly asked questions is, Will the Net help me sellmore product? The answer is yes, but in ways you might not expect. TheInternet is a communication tool first, not and advertisementmedium. Unlike print or broadcasting media, the Internet is interactive; andunlike the telephone, it is both visual and content rich. A Web site is anexcellent way to reduce costs, improve customer service, disseminate informationand even sell to your market. .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .postImageUrl , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:hover , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:visited , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:active { border:0!important; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:active , .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510 .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udff30ca1076a98271c72fd7a3f194510:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Biography: During his few weeks as Vice President, EssayPerhaps, the most important facts about the internet are that it contains awealth of information, that can be send across the world almost instantly, andthat it can unite people in wildly different locations as if they were next toeach other. The soundest claims for the importance of the Internet in todayssociety are based upon these very facts. People of like minds and interests canshare information with one another through electronic mail and chat rooms. E-mail is enabling radically new forms of worldwide human collaboration. Approximately 225 millions of people can send and receive it and they allrepresent a network of potentially cooperating individuals dwarfing anythingthat even the mightiest corporation or government can muster. Mailing-listdiscussion groups and online conferencing allow us to gather together to work ona multitude of projects that are

Georgia keeffe essays

Georgia keeffe essays Georgia Totto O'Keeffe was born in the year on November 15, 1887. She was one of seven children and spent most of her childhood on a farm, with the typical farm animals and rolling hills. O'Keeffe's aunt, not her mother, was mostly responsible for raising her. O'Keeffe did not care much for her aunt, she once referred to her as, "the headache of my life." She did, however, have some admiration for her aunt's strict and self disciplined character. O'Keeffe was given her own room and less responsibility. The younger sisters had to do more chores and share close living conditions. A younger sister stated that O'Keeffe always wanted things her way, and if she didn't get them her way, "she'd raise the devil." It was found through family and friends that O'Keeffe was like this throughout much of her life. O'Keeffe began her training early with private art lessons at home. The foundation of her future as an artist was made. When O'Keeffe was in the eighth grade she asked a daughter of a farm employee what she was going to do when she grew up. The girl said she didn't know. O'Keeffe replied very definitely, "...I am going to be an artist!""I don't really know where I got my artist idea...I only know that by that time it was definitely settled in my mind." She entered the Sacred Heart Academy, an art school in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1901. At school she discovered her blooming talent for artwork. Her art seemed to be the only stable element in O'Keeffe's younger life. In 1902 her parents moved to Virginia and were joined by the children in 1903. By the age of 16, O'Keeffe had 5 years of private art lessons at various schools in Wisconsin and Virginia. One particular teacher, Elizabeth Willis, encouraged her to work at her own pace and granted her opportunities that the other students felt were unfair. At times she would work intensely, and at other times she would not work for days. When it was brought to the attention of ...

Stephen Cranes vs Emily Dickinsons view of nature Essays

Stephen Cranes vs Emily Dickinsons view of nature Essays Stephen Cranes vs Emily Dickinsons view of nature Essay Stephen Cranes vs Emily Dickinsons view of nature Essay Essay Topic: Literature Even though the authors were contemporaries for a period of time, Dickinson and Crane were influenced by the prevalent literary movements of their times-Romanticism and Naturalism, respectively-and their views of nature were shaped accordingly, understandably differing quite a bit. The societies in which Huck Finn and Edna Pontellier lived are naturally the first aspect of said journeys that needs to be examined, for they had been the cause of the problem in both cases. While both lived in the countrys south Huck in Missouri and Edna in Louisiana, their stories are set in somewhat different times, and different central issues are present. Hucks story is set in the pre-civil war 1830s, a time when slavery, racism and inequality were abound, yet were not considered a thing out of the norm. All social institutions and authority figures in Hucks surroundings were accepting of the reality, and as a result, his innate values found nothing morally wrong with the situation, and his personal journey (combined with the literal one) resulted in a change of this perception. If one were to mark the start of this inner journey, it would probably be best illustrated by Hucks exclamation of genuine shock Jim! (Baym 245), when the runaway slave tells him that he is, indeed, a runaway slave. In this exclamation lie the values Huck starts out with, the thought that Jim, who is lawful property of Miss Watson, did something horrible to her by running away. Change can begin to be spotted when Huck realizes that people are looking for Jim and says Git up and hum yourself, Jim! There aint a minute to lose. Theyre after us! (Baym 257). Its this us that shows the change in Hucks perception People in fact are after Jim, not them. Similarly, Edna Pontelliers surrounding society and its description in the beginning of The Awakening serve to illustrate what she starts out with. The aristocratic Louisiana Creole society of the 1890s was male-dominant, but not so much in a forcible sense as in the sense that women were expected to do as their husbands say and were expected to follow a certain unwritten code of unquestionable obedience. Chopin presents this rather openly, when describing the other women in the novel They were women who idolized their children, worshipped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels. (Baym 638). This was the ideal woman of the time and place, something that Edna Pontellier was not, as is evident from her husbands reprimanding of her for neglecting the children (Baym 637) in the beginning already. Thus, Edna starts out with a phantom acceptance of her cultures values, but her awakening is triggered by that summer spent on Grand Isle and a major change is brought about, in the form of Ednas quest for the freedom of being herself in life (Baym 643). A process similar in sequence to what happened to Huck. At this point, the inner journeys for both characters begin to speed up, and the significance of the revelations they make increases. Huck and Jim set out on their journey down the Mississippi on their raft, and its in the process of this journey that Huck changes, mainly due to his discovering of things about Jim that he did not consider possible before. Although its only the case of one person now, Jim, these discoveries register as discoveries about a larger group of people in Hucks mind black slaves. When on one occasion he tricked Jim and made him feel extremely bad, it took Huck fifteen minutes to finally manage to bring himself to apologize before a black person. Even though it was something not innate to his values, he did it, and didnt feel sorry he did as much as he felt surprised that Jim indeed was hurt, and therefore had emotions too (Baym 272). What Huck considered right still gave him no rest, for he was doing something very wrong by helping Jim in his escape, this perhaps is his central internal conflict. When Jim talks of stealing his children from their owner, it shocks Huck even more, and he is disappointed to hear such talk from Jim (Baym 281, 282), yet, it eventually makes him realize that black people too have families, and that they feel attached to them just as white people are to theirs. This realization is a big surprise for Huck, because it undermines all the values he has been taught by life in the south black people are human. A central internal conflict is what happens to Edna as well, although it is different in nature. The seed of this conflict can be located in something she says to Madame Ratignolle, her model Creole woman friend: I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for the children; but I wouldnt give myself. (Baym 669, 670). Of course, the only one who understood these words to some degree at least was Edna herself, only she realizes what the summer spent on Grand Isle with Robert, before he left to Mexico, triggered in her a big resentment of everything she was forced into, and a discovery of certain parts of her psyche that she did not know even existed. As they return to New Orleans, it worries Ednas husband that she abandons all of her housekeeping responsibilities and just generally defies him as he tells it to the family doctor who he came for advice to (Baym 684). As soon as Mr. Pontellier leaves for yet another business trip, Edna automatically feels better about everything in her life, and As she snuggled comfortably beneath the eiderdown a sense of restfulness invaded her, such as she had not known before. (Baym 690). It can be clearly understood from this that Ednas husbands mere presence created negative emotions, probably because of the constant authority he has always had over her. Both Huck and Edna have at this point discovered very significant new things, but they have been in discoveries in slightly different directions. In Hucks case, it was mainly about the outside world, but it nevertheless triggered a change of perception in him. We can see that Huck is not of ill moral character, he has a general sense of what is right and what is wrong, part of which would still fit even our times. This is evident from his decision to help Mary Jane and her sisters reclaim the money that the frauds robbed them of (Baym 342). Yet, at several points throughout his journey down the river with Jim, he has pondered the option of notifying Miss Watson of the whereabouts of her property, and therefore turning Jim in, because according to what he has been taught, it would be the right thing to do. Huck soundly believes that if he doesnt do it, he will go to hell as punishment for his crime, because thats what the church and Sunday school of the south taught him. Perhaps the most significant turning point is his decision to defy these teachings All right, then, Ill go to hell (Baym 359), he said as he tore up the letter of notification he meant to send to Miss Watson. He still considers himself wicked, although evidently, he has placed Jims value to him as his friend higher than Jim being a runaway slave, or maybe a decision that slavery is indeed wrong, although the reader is not told of it. This is the culmination of Hucks inner journey, and from now on, he acts according to his new convictions (doing all he can to free Jim). When in the novels end Aunt Sally plans to adopt him yet again, he is not accepting of it, perhaps because he feels that he would be unable to fall back into southern life with the new knowledge he has acquired, and decides to take off for Indian territories (Baym 407). Similarly, Edna has been subject to certain realizations that alter her perception of herself and the world around her, making her act accordingly. She is shocked at the feelings that a kiss from Alci e Arobin arouses in her It was the first kiss of her life to which her nature had really responded. It was a flaming torch that kindled desire. (Baym 698). She was a married woman, and yet she had never experienced true passion for her husband as much as she did for this man she barely knew. Her societal values blare out that it is wrong, yet she feels no remorse, and that upsets her even more (Baym 698). From this sudden revelation of a new aspect of herself and on, Edna, in a sense just like Huck, slowly realizes that with her newly acquired knowledge there will never be place for her in the present society. She becomes self-possessed enough that she in a way declares her newly acquired values to Robert, the one who triggered it all in the first place I give myself where I choose. And this declaration obviously frightens Robert, he isnt so sure he can deal with such a woman what he knows and believes in does not equal to this declaration of Ednas (Baym 716). He leaves her behind with a simple note: I love you. Good-by, because I love you. (Baym 720). Edna now knows that she can never again be her old, pretentious self. Not with what she has awakened to, and not in this closed and not understanding society. There were no Indian territories for her to take off for, and she therefore decides to do the only thing that would equal to true freedom in her situation she swims far out into the ocean and to her death (Baym 723). While the two journeys examined above differed significantly in their outward content, some very similar elements have been observed. In their core, both Huck and Edna discovered things that in their essence were opposed to society, its customs, or its teachings. And, in both cases, they pursued their new knowledge and stuck to what they thought was right and best. Both characters were exceptionally brave, and faced their inner conflicts successfully.

Scenario question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Scenario question - Essay Example Related jurisprudence shall be discussed and analyzed; explications will be given to the end that the instant controversy would have a viable solution for the benefit of both parties and to the members of the global community as a whole. However, before delving into the merits of the case, it is equally essential to determine a fortiori, the competence of the ICJ to take cognizance of the dispute, for the Court can only exercise its adjudicative powers if indeed it has jurisdiction over the parties and over the subject matter. When the court is devoid of jurisdiction, it follows as a matter of law that it has no competence to decide on any controversy brought before it. Hence, any discussion shall firstly focus on the question of jurisdiction. It is well to emphasize that the jurisdiction of the ICJ can only be invoked if the state-parties submit to its jurisdiction or when they have presented their Declaration of Acceptance to the jurisdiction of the Court through the Optional Clause of the Statute of the ICJ.1 That being stated, the assessment of the dispute is in order. State A is a coastal State. That State established a 12-mile territorial sea by national legislation. On 3 October 1990, a commercial vessel flying the flag of State B struck mines in the territorial sea of State A. The explosions caused damage to the vessels and loss of life. Holding that to be the responsibility of State A, the Government of State B commenced negotiations with State A but in vain. Thus, on 25 June 1991, State B submitted the dispute to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) based solely on Article 36 (2) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Thereupon the Government of B asked the ICJ to adjudicate to the effect that the Government of State A was internationally responsible for the consequences of the incident and it must make reparation or pay compensation. States A and B are both Parties to the Charter of the United Nations. State A accepted the optional clause of the Statute of the ICJ in 1986 (emphasis supplied). The Declaration of State A reads: 'I declare on behalf of the Government that State A recognizes as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, that is to say, on condition of reciprocity, the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in conformity with Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court, for a period of ten years from the date of the deposit of the instrument of ratification.' State B also accepted the optional clause of the Statute of the ICJ in 1987 (emphasis supplied). The Declaration of State B reads: 'I declare on behalf of the Government that I recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, that is on condition of reciprocity, the Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, in conformity with Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the said Court, for all disputes which may arise in respect of facts or situations subsequent to the ratification of the present declaration, with the exception of those with regard to which the parties may have